SCOPE OF REPRESENTATION – In General; Test for Subjects Not Specifically Enumerated

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Both wages and hours are expressly included within the scope of representation under the MMBA. Thus, because the imposition of furloughs clearly affects both wages and hours of work, it is within the scope of representation, unless an exception or defense applies. Provision in local civil service rules authorizing county to reduce work hours for reasons of economy or due to a lack of work or funds does not exempt employer from obligation to meet and confer under the MMBA.