SCOPE OF REPRESENTATION – In General; Test for Subjects Not Specifically Enumerated

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CLARIFIED ON OTHER GROUNDS BY Trustees of the California State University v. Public Employment Relations Bd. (2026) 118 Cal.App.5th 90 and Trustees of the California State University (2026) PERB Decision No. 2915a-H.

The three-step balancing test from Claremont Police Officers Association v. City of Claremont (2006) 39 Cal.4th 623 applies “to determine whether management must meet and confer with a recognized employee organization . . . when the implementation of a fundamental managerial or policy decision significantly and adversely affects a bargaining unit’s wages, hours, or working conditions.” It does not apply, however, to managerial decisions that directly define the employment relationship, which are always negotiable.