EMPLOYER DOMINATION OR ASSISTANCE; DOMINATION OF OR ASSISTANCE TO LABOR ORGANIZATIONS – In General

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Where natural consequences of an employer's conduct is encouragement or discouragement of union membership, it will be presumed that the employer intended this result. Great Dane analysis applied to question of whether conduct had effect of encouraging or discouraging membership in union. Violation of section 3543.5(d) also constitutes violations of 3543.5(a) and (b).