EMPLOYER REFUSAL TO BARGAIN IN GOOD FAITH; UNILATERAL CHANGE (FOR NEGOT OF SPECIFIC SUBJECTS, SEE SEC 1000, SCOPE OF REPRESENTATION) – Change in Past Practice

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A binding past practice is one which is “unequivocal, clearly enunciated and acted upon, and readily ascertainable over a reasonable period of time as a fixed and established practice accepted by both parties,” or which is “regular and consistent” or “historic and accepted.” (pp. 10-11, fn. 7.) Though no specific period of time is required to develop a past practice, periods of eighteen months and one year were, in combination with other factors, sufficient to establish past practices allowing multiple union representatives to attend meetings and granting employees release time to file grievances, respectively. (Ibid.)