EMPLOYER REFUSAL TO BARGAIN IN GOOD FAITH; DEFENSES – Waiver by Union; Contract Waivers; Bargaining History Estoppel; Disclaimer; Supersession

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Changes to job specifications, including training and certification requirements, are within the scope of representation unless the change is imposed by an outside agency or required to comply with an inflexible law or other immutable provision. (pp. 17-18.) Exception did not apply when State law set specific requirements for certain emergency personnel but did not discuss dispatchers at issue. (pp. 18-19.) Exception did not apply where a local agency, although granted authority to establish the policies and procedures at issue, was not an outside agency but a department of the same agency. (pp. 19-20.)