EMPLOYER REFUSAL TO BARGAIN IN GOOD FAITH; UNILATERAL CHANGE (FOR NEGOT OF SPECIFIC SUBJECTS, SEE SEC 1000, SCOPE OF REPRESENTATION) – In General

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“Non-mandatory” describes subjects about which parties need not bargain, although they may choose to do so. (Cerritos Community College District (2022) PERB Decision No. 2819, p. 19.) These topics can equally be referred to as being “permissive,” or as falling outside the “scope of bargaining” or “scope of representation.” (Ibid.) Although such topics are sometimes labeled “non-negotiable,” that is imprecise because it could also mean illegal bargaining subjects. (p. 2, fn. 2.)